Essay on Teen Pregnancy How to Prevent It - 781 Words

Teen Pregnancy Imagine it - Clicking through all the channels on television to find something that would strike any american’s interest. Young looking girls on the television are talking about their lives, and the issues they hold. The show is called Teen Mom. How could such vibrant young ladies have so much responsibility at this age? Why would they take on this role of motherhood when they themselves still depend on the assistance of their own parental figures? Shockingly, adolescent children becoming parents is not uncommon in america. In fact, the United States has the highest adolescent pregnancy rate of any industrialized country. With 7% of female adolescents aged 15-19 years old becoming pregnant annually, (Mckelvey, 2012) it is†¦show more content†¦This topic, in particular, is not being addressed enough by our American society. More educational programs should be used to teach both teens and adults about teen pregnancy and the consequences that come accordingly. Latinas should also be a main focus when trying to do so. Teens should be able to easily access valid information about adolescent motherhood through schools, outside programs, parents, and any other trusted source. Technology such as apps can have an effect on teens when helping to remind them of contraceptive use. One program that has joined the effort in preventing young adult pregnancy is the Healthy Families America (HFA) intervention program. HFA is a home visiting program that has continuously helped to reduce the amount of adolescent mothers with harsh parenting behaviors or those who act inappropriately while pregnant or raising a child. An estimated 20% to 37% of adolescent mothers have a subsequent birth within 2 years of their first child, (Lewis, 1862) and HFA interventions help to stop this event from taking place. Actions such as these where the mother treats her child inadequately, or acts carelessly around them, can ultimately result in that child taking part in risky behaviors themselves. Reasons that cause children to act with risky behaviors during adolescence include having a low education, a low income, and family issues.Consequently, when you become pregnant at a young age, you tend to become a low educated,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Is Teen Pregnancy a Problem?1044 Words   |  5 PagesHow many pregnant teens have there been? Over the years more girls are becoming teen moms. In Oklahoma teen pregnancy has become a problem. Recently Oklahoma has had a pregnancy rate of 47.5% (Tulsa World). Not only is it an issue in Oklahoma but an issue in the United States as a whole. The lack of awareness and how to prevent pregnancy is a reason to blame for the increasing numbers. The more we don’t make people aware of the increasing teen pregnancy rate and how to prevent then the numbers wil lRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Anne Maxa English Composition II American InterContinental University November 20, 2011 Annotated Bibliography ------------------------------------------------- Essay Outline I. Thesis Statement: Teen pregnancy can easily be prevented with better educated teens, better communication between teens and parents, and the knowledge of contraceptives II. Teens will be less likely to become pregnant with better education. A. Classes offered in schoolsRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Causes Serious Physical And Emotional Problems1369 Words   |  6 Pages Teen pregnancy causes serious physical and emotional problems for adolescent mothers, therefore there should be steps taken to prevent such things from happening. I have a close friend who got pregnant at the age of fifteen. It was a mega crisis for her and her baby. It caused a heartbreaking feud between my friend and her parents, as well as her schooling, leading her to drop out of high school. The emotional stress she gained was harming her body. The baby’s father wanted nothing to do with theRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is A Big Topic On Today s Society861 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a big topic in today’s society. Teens are criticized with negative comments about having a baby at a young age. There have been teens as young as ten years old that has been pregnant. A lot of teenage pregnancies are not planned but happen because of lack of knowledge about sex. There is anyways to prevent the negative comments and young pregnancies. Parents have to underst and their children are not always going to be babies. They are going to become curious about their bodiesRead MoreHigh Teen Pregnancy Rate: Comprehensive Sex Education at Fault?1377 Words   |  6 Pagesthirteen, Kizzy is one among the thousands of teenage girls who become pregnant each year in the United States. According to The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 34% percent of young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20. Eight in ten of these teen pregnancies are unintended and 79% are to unmarried teens. There are many preliminary causes for such a high In Kizzy’s case, the blame is put on the lack of sexual education within her school. She claims thatRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pageswhat is going to help reduce the alarmingly high rate of teen pregnancies has not ceased. Many argue over whether abstinence-only should be taught in high school and if it is the key to reducing the high teen pregnancy rate. Fro m my standpoint, I believe that it should be taught. However, it should be accompanied by the teachings of birth control along with other contraceptives and how to use them. The fact of the matter is that teen pregnancies continue to be a prevalent problem and teaching abstinenceRead MoreEssay about Teen Pregnancy Prevention 1164 Words   |  5 PagesMany methods can be used to prevent teenage pregnancy and can decrease the birthrate significantly. Doctors and parents play a key role in teen pregnancy preventions. Since teen birthrates are rising, teens have to have access to preventions in order for it to be effective. With having permission from a guardian to engage in preventions, children can prevent themselves from becoming a parent at such a young age. Parents should properly inform their child on the subject of sex and communicate withRead MoreReflecting on Sources: An Assignment1879 Words   |  7 Pageshelp in reducing and preventing of teen pregnancy. The organization is called The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. She is influential because she has served on many advisory boards which promote the values and policies towards the prevention of teen pregnancy ADDIN EN.CITE The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy201197(The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2011a)979712The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy,Sarah Brown20111776 Massachusetts AvenueTheRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Is A Serious Problem1484 Words   |  6 Pages1) Going in public, many teens are pregnant or have already had a baby. Teen pregnancy is a very big concern in society. Everyone needs to come together as a whole to find ways to prevent this from happening so often. Teen pregnancy is a reoccurring problem, but there are ways to prevent them such as starting programs or classes in schools so teens understand why they should not have children, using a contraceptive, and watching TV shows so they can understand being a teen mom is not easy. EducationalRead More Teen Pregnancy Essay710 Words   |  3 Pages Prevent Teen Pregnancy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; After reading Martha Balash’s article, Schools Can Help to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Balash has put time and effort into this proposal on stopping Teen Pregnancy. I think Balash’s introduction is very effective because she goes straight to the facts. She doesn’t try to mislead you with any false facts. She goes straight to the point and the point is to prevent teen pregnancy. Balash tells that schools has more influence over teen pregnancy than

How Pets Have On The Stress That College Students

For my research, I explored the affect that pets have on the stress that college students face. This particular topic is important because college students undergo a lot of stress, and Universities are constantly trying to find ways to help students have less stress in their lives, so that they can really focus on their studies. As a college student and pet owner, I feel as though this topic is significant and can be a key component when it comes to students’ success during their college years. My research question is, â€Å"How does having a pet in college affect students’ stress levels?† By doing this research, I am able to understand how students with and without pets deal with their stress, and the relief that animals provide to college students who are under a lot of pressure. There is a very important theme in all three of the articles that I reviewed, which is that humans and animals, especially dogs and cats, have a very special bond. The data that I got from the interviews of pet owners would conclude that humans do indeed have a very special bond with their pets. The idea that dogs and cats act, as a form of therapy to humans is a similarity within these three articles and my own research. Each article explores the affects that animals have on humans and it is found to be almost always positive for the human. Although I only collected data relating to stress and animals, these articles highlight the many ways that pets better the lives of their humans. The presence ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Lowering Stress On College Students1658 Words   |  7 Pagesdog. For many, having any sort of interaction with a pet or animal is the ultimate cure to stress that is caused by work, people, and life. While not every college student is able to have a loving pet in their lives, even a momentary encounter with any animal can lower stress and anxiety levels. Multiple studies have proven that animals are a powerful form of stress relief by not only lowering blood pressure, but also lowering a dangerous stress hormone, cortisol, which is correlated with depressionRead MoreIs Owning A Pet Positively Influences College Students Well Being?1100 Words   |  5 Pagesowning a pet positively influences college-student’s well-being. Several studies and published articles have backed up this topic, such as â€Å"Companion Animals: In Sickness and In Health† by Siegel. This study found that owners who felt more attached to their pets were relatively happy whereas those who were unattached felt generally unhappy much more often. It also found that recently widowed women who did not own pets were much more likely to experience headaches, panic, and general fear while pet ownersRead MoreAnimals, Pets, And Caring For An Animal1367 Words   |  6 PagesInteraction with animals, owning pets, and caring for an animal can have a very positive impact on a person. The presence of an animal in a human’s life can do a number of amazing things for people of all ages; such as improve their social life and health, and relieve stress. A lot of animals can be used as a form of therapy as well. A good example of this is the therapy dogs that are brought to college campuses during finals week to relieve students of stress. These factors all lead to the ultimateRead MoreHow Dogs Can Help Veterans Overcome PTSD by Chris Colins693 Words   |  3 Pages In This Article review I will be talking about how dogs can be used as a treatment for many medical conditions. In â€Å"How Dogs Can Help Veterans Overcome PTSD† by Chris Colin and â€Å"Therapy Dogs Help Students De-Stress† by Jen Christensen they both talk about how dogs can reduce stress and anxiety. â€Å"Medical Detection Dogs Train Animals To ‘sniff out’ breast cancer† and â€Å" Pets may help reduce your risk of heart disease† both say that dogs can be used to detect medical conditions like cancerRead MoreAnimal Therapy Helps Improve Humans Emotions And Disorders1369 Words   |  6 PagesAnimals have served humans in more than one way including as a source of food, improving our health, and service in working. They have helped in all of these fields, and humans have grown fond of them. Nowadays, it is seen that people grow to love their pets, and there are many organizations fighting for animal rights. Pet owners are extrem ely attached, so they suffer a lot of pain when the animal dies. According to a study done in Romania concerning pet loss, humans like having pets and adoptingRead MoreMktg Plans1701 Words   |  7 Pageswould motivate the buyer to purchase it, which would be a case of limited decision-making. There are also many sociodemographic factors that affect the type of decision-making a consumer uses for a product. For instance, if you receive a big bonus and have more income going into your household, you may choose to use limited or extensive decision making in picking out a product with better brand recognition and of better quality. Another reasons that affect the type of decision-making a consumer usesRead MoreMental Health And Stress Reduction1128 Words   |  5 PagesCollege students of all majors have one thing in common; stress. Colleges counseling centers are treating more and more students every year for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, but the most common interventi on is counseling (Sanford, 2014). Getting good grades seems to be more important than mental health and overall well-being of students, including getting the best test scores (Tate, 2015). Kids of all ages are told by teachers that grades and tests are all that is important and thatRead MoreCat Persuasive Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pagessound of purring cats? Fayetteville, Arkansas has the best place for you, The Purr Catfe. The Purr Catfe is a cafà © where you get to play with cats are waiting to be adopted. This is a place where someone can get rid of all their worries, relax, and have a snack. Their mission is to give a cat a forever home by giving people a place to bond with the cat and fall in love with them. Lauren Solomon is the head of the cafà © and a huge animal lover. Her idea for the cafà © was to give cats a chance to notRead MoreCompanion Animals On A College Students Well Being1794 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The well-known saying, â€Å"A dog is man’s best friend† implies that there is a common belief that pet ownership improves our overall well-being (Peacock, Hansen, Winefield, 2012). However, Chur-Hansen and Winefield’s 2005 study resulted in contradictory findings that show there is no direct relationship between companion animals and increased well-being (as cited in Peacock et al., 2012). Garrity, Stallones, Marx, Johnson’s 1989 study concluded that companion animals positively affectRead MoreThe Effects Of Mindfulness Interventions On Health Care Professionals And College Level Students1543 Words   |  7 Pagesthe area of health care professionals and college level students, there is evidence supporting increased stress in these populations. While these are very busy lifestyles, it is important for these individuals to engage in self-care techniques to reduce stress, which in turn could increase emotional health, physical health and life satisfactio n. Research supports mindfulness practices used with students and healthcare professionals decreases perceived stress, anxiety and increases life satisfaction

Others Free Essays

In today’s society, humans are quick to Judge others based on what they believe. Communities tend to negatively view people who are different and do not fit into their own norms. All cultures have norms but they have differences that do not adapt with the dominant core culture in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Others or any similar topic only for you Order Now How we create the other Is from our beliefs, values, and behaviors. If other people do not fit into a certain structure, we often have assumptions against them. Growing up In a particular neighborhood related with gang influences and doing graffiti Is usually not accepted by many people. In Ruben Martinet’s essay â€Å"Going up In LA†, he shows the community of the graffiti artists and how they get discriminated for what they do. Graffiti artist Pooh describes writing as a community because It Is a source of communication with other writers all over the city (Pig 104 ‘1 14 1. This community uses this form of art to express their feelings, thoughts, and messages In public. They compose their own culture together by having a passion for â€Å"bombing† around town with their meaningful pieces. Tiers from the Stateside state that when they do graffiti they are being blame for vandalism but when whites do it is called art (Pig 106 23 There is a distinction based on race and class which irritates most stateside writers. They do come from poor neighborhoods and low class families but that should not mean their way of art should be treated as a false conation. Though there many people that might not understand graffiti. In the eyes of the LAP, they typically see graffiti as not art and illegal unlike approved city murals. Stuart Haines assumes there is only way o put an absolute stop on graffiti, â€Å"The real answer is to pass tougher laws to punish the graffiti artists who deface public property, along with the gang members who are identifying their turf† (Pig 109 ’31 , 34 ). Most officials and adults strongly disagree with the acts of graffiti. They are seeking for other alternatives to get rid of graffiti artists. There is a reason why these young men do this specific type of writing. Mary Trotter said, â€Å"We haven’t looked at why they’re painting. They want to communicate something to us, and we’re not listening (Pig 109 36 ). Since writers are considered as â€Å"others† in the society they do not understand what conveys in writing. There is a difference between graffiti art and graffiti which gang members use to mark up as their territory. One has more meaning than the other while the other type of writing signifies owning a property or area. Graffiti artists should not be Judge poorly from where to come from and how their art looks like. People fear the unknown which they to tend to do anything to try to exclude themselves from people who do not fit Into their standards. In Peter Marina’s essay â€Å"Helping and Hating the Homeless†, he describes how the homeless people are often stereotyped and feared for what they are. Simply because the homeless are homeless, they are known to be threat. Their existence creates violence which we feel our sense of safety Is being taken away (Pig 172 24). Many middle class people feel this way about the homeless. Since they are strangers, people look at them with Ignorance and have a sense of worry when around them. There are many reasons why we feel this precise way about the homeless. Our reaction to the homeless Is based on our cultural attitudes, train of understanding about the homeless that it has become an instinct to label them as dangerous in our society. Since mostly everyone feels this way, it is difficult to control and clear our perspective of the homeless. Even in the history in Europe, the bourgeois did not want to deal with beggars. They believe this certain group of people were unable to progress, irrelevant, and hopeless in this order of living. (Pig 174 ‘1 28). Due to these discriminations, our society saw them this way as likewise; which is how we create boundaries because of their differences. One of Marina’s students paper illustrates her first experience at a Rescue Mission on skid row. She gives details on how repulsive of these people habits are. She mentally had the feeling dirty around them because they were strange and unclean to her (Pig 174 ‘l 31). Many people perceive the homeless as trash and inhumane. This is the issue between the homeless and our society because we want to see our self in order to accept them. Our lifestyles do differ with the homeless but that does not mean we would reject them from our living. Instead reach and help them out because at some point in their life they were like any normal person. Women throughout the American history are often portrayed with weak images. They do not have equal roles in society, particular Jobs, politics, and in other settings. Women did not receive the same equal treatment or rights as men did. They could not vote until the 19th amendment was passed in August 18, 1920. Women had to fight for their rights some way or another to prove they were no different than the men. It is most common for omen to be Judged in the workforce. Women were usually encouraged to enter into careers which are associated due to their gender. Career paths such as nursing, teachers, childcare, or even a home stay mother were consider as good roles for women. This limited females to many opportunities because it discouraged them to attempt any work that was reserve for men. Early in the United States, women were distinguished that they lack skills and did not compare to what men can do. Women should not be characterized entirely because of their gender. They deserve equality ND not feel inferior to men. Rather than having projections on to other groups, our society should acknowledge our negative imperfections. We cannot always urge our opinions and Judgments solely because we differentiate from these groups. The pessimistic stereotyping that we give to these people affects not only them but our society as well. Everyone comes from various communities and cultures vary from one another. The main argument of how the other is created is because we want to see ourselves in those people. If they do not adjust to our ideals we refuse them in our daily living. How to cite Others, Papers

Total Operations Processing System Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the TOPS- Total Operations Processing System. Answer: According to the case study, British Rail purchased a new computer system for improving the performance of its freight operations known as TOPS- Total Operations Processing System. The TOPS clerks provided real-time information of the operations happening on site. Moreover, the implementation of TOPS enabled the individuals to report resources accurately. TOPS- the advanced technology software helped in solving the issues of personnel, industrial relations, technical and managerial problems. These factors contributed to the successful implementation of TOPS (Camison and Villar-Lpez 2014). Further, British Rail implemented a task force approach in which a small group of people are together to accomplish a short-term task. It helped the employees of British Rail in developing collaborative relationships in a strategic and coordinated way. British rail could address the issues with their hands-on-experience. However, the mobile task force also faced issues such as dissatisfaction. There were employees whose contributions and contributions went unrewarded (Kotter 2012). Context and culture are important in organizational change. Every organization undergo different degree of the change. Changing the culture is directly linked with power and leadership. Based on the case study, British Rail employees offered different levels of support and commitment towards the organization. However, there were different levels of encouragement, motivation and training required to get adapted to the changes made by themanagement in the operations. The change strategy might fail if the change strategy is incompatible with the culture and context (Camison and Villar-Lpez 2014). From the case study, it is evident that the market must have been save if the TOPS system was implemented before. Themanagement faced certain resistance by the employees while working with the advanced technology TOPS. Therefore, it must be a lesson for the organizations that before bringing change, the employees must be trained with the working of software so that they can readily accept change (Kotter 2012). References Camisn, C. and Villar-Lpez, A., 2014. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance. Journal of business research, 67(1), pp.2891-2902. Kotter, J., 2012.Change Management vs. Change Leadership What's the Difference?. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ssUnbrhf_U [Accessed 21 Mar. 2018].

Vietnam War

Introduction Vietnam War was a long time tussle between the northern and the southern region of Vietnam which culminated into one of the bloodiest wars of the time. America played a dominant role in this particular war with Hanoi and Washington waging war in an attempt to ensure that Vietnam was free from the domination of foreigners. This paper seeks to compare the ability of Hanoi and Washington in waging the war successfully.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background Information The Vietnam War was a conflict that was military in nature, occurred between the years 1954 and 1975, and was between the communists and the non-communists. The communists received immense support from China while the non-communists were supported by America. The first war that preceded the Vietnam War was known as Indochina War where the Southern part of Vietnam was fighting to prevent fro m being united with the northern part under the policies of communism. When this war ended, these two factions were kept apart to prevent further damage and they were expected to remain that way until the next elections were held. The Paris Agreement In the year 1973, an agreement known as the Paris agreement was signed and this was meant to end the more than a decade war between the South Vietnamese and the North Vietnamese. Under this agreement, there are various issues that were agreed upon with Hanoi and Washington each stating their position regarding the issue. There was an acrimonious agreement between Hanoi and Washington in the signing of the agreement although parties understood this agreement could have far-reaching consequences to both the North and the South Vietnam. Though Hanoi and Washington were aware that this agreement could bring problems to the already warring factions, the events that had taken place earlier both parties to the agreement that such a move was th e only way out considering the surrounding circumstances. The provisions of the agreement were quite vague and thus not workable with both Washington and Hanoi ignoring the necessary factors of the agreement. To both parties, the most important aspect of the agreement at the time was to fulfil certain purposes for each side.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Washington on one hand was concerned in having the American prisoners released as well as being able to formally withdraw from participating ion the Vietnam and marinating the credibility that America had during the Cold War. Hanoi on the other hand was more concerned on being able to force the forces from America to withdraw from the Vietnam War, ensuring that the revolution that was socialist in nature that was going to happen in North Vietnam was saved and being able to improve on prospects of reuniting the two warr ing factions. Steps by Hanoi and Washington In Washington, there was an elevation of diplomacy which was meant to ensure that the support that America was giving to South Vietnam was not in vain. Nixon, the then president of America placed great emphasis on steeping up diplomacy that there was manipulation of wars in Vietnam both in the air and the ground with the main aim being to ensure that the negotiation of the Paris were fulfilled. Hanoi was in an equally swift move to ensure that all measures had been put in control. Diplomacy was also elevated but in this case, different strategies were adopted. In the year 1972, having made keen observations of all that was taking place and with the flop of Spring Offensive came as a clear indication to Hanoi that it would not be practically possible to gain a victory through the military and that diplomacy was the only tool that they could use for an assured victory (Kissinger, 2003, p.543). This was the same case with Washington who had r ealised that diplomacy was the only way that the bloody war which had lasted for so long could be ended with the terms and conditions being most favourable The Paris Agreement had been signed by Washington and Hanoi with both parties being under extreme pressure due to all the surrounding circumstances one of them being military intervention. The Vietnam War had gone on for a very long time and thus had proven to be very costly for all the parties involved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Neither of the parties seemed willing to back down on seeing their part of the bargain in the Paris Agreement being fulfilled. Hanoi was not accepting anything short of a solution that would serve to bring unity to the whole country of Vietnam (Kissinger, 2003, p. 456). Due to the high cost that both parties encountered during the war, it became apparent that it would not be possible to fulfil some of the provisions of the agreement as each party was now concerned to ensue that their ambitions were met. Thus, the parties were only keen to honour the part of the agreement which favoured them while generally disregarding the letter and spirit of the agreement. Interaction between Washington and Hanoi These two sides had not always interacted or at least the interaction was not as frequent. It was only after the outcome of the Tet Offensive that the two sides began to hold talks both private and public. For a period of close to years, the talks did not yield much other than the adoption of a decision to bring the bombing of Vietnam to an end. In the year 1970, Hanoi and Washington resumed talks and this time, they were more consistent and better outcome was realized. This is how the Paris Agreement of 1972 came to be. Importance of Diplomacy in Vietnam War As mentioned, there were a lot of negotiations and talks that were held between Hanoi and Washington regardin g the Vietnam War. Looking keenly at all the vents that led to the Paris Agreement and later brought to and end decades of fighting between tow regions of one country, it is apparent that diplomacy was central in all these issued. It is also argued by many scholars that the outcome of the Vietnam War was not as a result of the battles that were fought but more so, the diplomatic talks that were held between Washington and Hanoi (Levie, 2004, p.98). It was through the Paris Agreement that certain conditions were set and both parties were ready to out necessary measures in place to ensure that the war was brought to an end. Conclusion The Vietnam War was one of the bloodiest wars that were ever witnessed. This war saw a diplomatic clash of France and America both of whom had vested interests in Vietnam. However continued talks between America and France helped bring the Vietnam War to an end.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Kissinger, H. (2003). Ending the Vietnam War: a history of America’s involvement in and extrication from the Vietnam War. London: Simon and Schuster. Levie, D. (2004). The Vietnam War. London: Twenty-First Century Books This essay on Vietnam War was written and submitted by user Mess1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Emerging Trends - Antibiotics essays

Emerging Trends - Antibiotics essays Throughout history, the human race has sought to cure diseases. Many methods have been attempted, some good and some bad. But, by far, nothing compares to the wonder drug: antibiotics. History repeats itself. Because of this fact, the history of bacterial infections and antibiotics is important. The term antibiotics are derived from the Greek words anti and bios, which mean against life. Antibiotics are derived from living organisms, usually bacteria or molds that kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth (Antibiotics, encarta). The use of molds to help cure infections has been used for thousands of years. The medical records from Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China note this fact. Some of these records date back to 1500 BC. Crude plant extracts, as well as, cheese mold was used for topical treatments for infections (Antibiotics, encarta). William Roberts observed, in 1874, a form of bacteria immunity. He noticed that the mold Penicillium glaucum was immune to bacteria infection. A few years later, Louis Pasteur and Jules Francois Joubert noted that anthrax bacilli failed to grow if cultures became contaminated with airborne molds (Antibiotics, encarta). However, Sir Alexander Fleming made, by far, the biggest antibiotic discovery in 1928. He discovered the first true antibiotic, penicillin. Here is how the story goes. Fleming was not the tidiest of workers. He had left a Petri dish open on his bench. It was already loaded with staphylococci (staph). Spores of fungal mould (Penicillium notatum) floated in through an open window and settled on a plate. A little time later it was covered, but for some unknown reason not put into the incubator. Fleming promptly went off on a holiday leaving it on the bench. On his return Fleming found the plate and noticed that the bacteria had not grown as they would have under normal summer conditions even outside the incubator and so, Fleming deduced they had been inhibited or killed. Later he showed...

Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Property - Essay Example ut of properties, such as the interlinking of rights and responsibilities, the dog-leg boundary at back, not much space for access to The Hollies at the back, lots of trees which are close to buildings, drains are running along rear elevation (wall) of building, the manhole covers are evident, and leaking water in approximate position of line of supply to the adjoining property. Although he is the sole owner of Ivy House, he did have a long-term girlfriend for fifteen (15) years, Miss Chandra, who lived with him in the said house. She gave up her council house tenancy at his request and put all her savings (including money inherited from her mother) into improving the Ivy House updating the standards and making it a valuable property. Mr. Crane has done or paid for basic maintenance ever since but did not introduce improvements to it. When Miss Chandra left him, she didn’t say anything about getting her money back. However, when the word got around that Mr. Crane is thinking of selling the house, he had a â€Å"visit† from her sons intimating that their mother wants a substantial share of the sale proceeds. Another concern of Mr. Crane also is with the present owner of the adjoining house, The Hollies, known as Mr. Johnson. There have been issues over access to the rear, parking and water supply. There is an extract of a deed regarding an easement. Finally, Mr. Crane’s concern is about his friend Mr. Brown. Mr. Crane allowed Mr. Brown to use the basement at Ivy House almost daily and for the last 6 years, for his artwork business. He signed a document at Mr. Brown’s request but is not sure if it means anything. He doesn’t have a copy of the said document. He remembers that he and Mr. Brown were the only ones who signed the said document and that Mr. Brown was to be able to use the basement for ten (10) years but has paid nothing for the arrangements. He wonders whether or not he should tell Mr. Brown that he is selling up as he is concerned of what Mr.

Enron Scandal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enron Scandal - Research Paper Example This created financial discrepancies in the form of loans. Profits were artificially generated in order to mention the cash flows that came in the form of such loans. Another technique used by the organization was to speculate on the energy sector. It calculated the market prices for the energy sector. The importance of ethics has also been demonstrated in the aftermath of the scandal. Corporate organizations need to have sound policies that demonstrate commitment, responsibility, and good governance. Such a culture helps employees to work for the prosperity of the organization. The collapse of Enron triggered shockwaves that took time to heal. The legislation in that time period allowed audit firms to provide diverse services which helped in the creation of fraudulent or misleading financial reports and statements. A major problem which occurred was the fact that Enron could recruit auditors that were inclined to make favorable statements in the organizational interest. Corporate scandals have a negative impact on economic systems because they lead to drastic changes. The Enron scandal that erupted in 2001 shook the foundations of the American financial system. It had a catastrophic impact on the confidence of the market because the organization had been involved in fraudulent and malicious financial activities. The organization would become insolvent while its auditing partner, Arthur Anderson was also on the verge of bankruptcy. Enron was an organization that had been created in the mid-1980s. Jeffrey Skilling, Kenneth Lay, and Andrew Fastow were responsible for the scandal which involved the lack of proper financial reports and statements (Brewer & Hansen, 2002). Stock values were overstated in order to attract more cash flows. The Enron scandal had widespread repercussions on the entire financial system. The main executives received sentences while certain firms like Citigroup and Anderson Auditing had to pay heavy.

Spain The country, hertiages, the people , cullture etc.... total of 3 Essay

Spain The country, hertiages, the people , cullture etc.... total of 3 questions - Essay Example It is essential to learn how to adapt to changes we meet in another country. Such country as Spain has its own traditions, which can influence everybody who learns about it. For example, a person who learns Spanish traditions can learn how to conduct calm and comfortable life. The fact is that, for example, Americans, like to work and get results quickly. Spaniards do not like to hurry and devote more time to every issue. Also, Spaniards pay much attention to their cultural traditions, which are reflected in art. Thus every person can adopt this devotion to culture and art. Spaniards like to organize holidays and their way of life is usually merrier than the way of life of Americans. Leaning about Spain it is impossible not to adopt this way of life as Spaniards know how to enjoy life, while Americans devote their life to business. Moreover, the history of Spain shows that Spaniards are the unique nation that managed to change its political conditions seamlessly. Some facts from thei r history can serve as an example and teach learners to implement changes slowly and without stress. 2. Two Spains The Second Spain existed in 1931—1939 during the period of Revolution in Spain. The term â€Å"Two Spains† became relevant due to the influence this period imposed on Spain’s further development. ... Irreconcilable controversies about the past and future development of the country take place till nowadays. Spanish political geography is the direct consequence of the Civil War. On the one hand today’s Spain arouse affection. Its peaceful transfer from the dictatorship to democracy can serve as example. However, Spaniards know that not everything is so great in their country. The members of Royal Family have already forgotten when they crossed the borders of Basque Country for the last time. Obviously, they are not going to visit Catalonia – last time their visits were not successful as were accompanied by burning their photos and Spanish flags. Civil War became the part of the history, but its consequences are felt even now. The successors of rebels and republicans continue to dispute and these disputes are not going to finish (Cowans 26). 3. Democracy In the modern world democracy is crucial as it determines the welfare of the state. Every country tried to gain demo cracy, but not every state managed to gain it seamlessly. The majority of the countries in the world should have taken effort to gain democracy. The transfer to democracy in Spain is considered to be the most seamless in the world history. It happened after the death of Francisco Franco, who was the head of the country during 35 years. It is essential to mention that during the rule of Franco Spain was a so-called outlaw of the Western world. The limitations on visiting this country were spread on American citizens. The main thing is that Spanish nation was split after the Civil War in 1936-1939 and it seemed that it was split forever. Actually, this war was as cruel and bloody as Civil War in Russia. Alienation between the republicans and the members of Falanga were moving

Factors Influencing Conflicts in Schools

Factors Influencing Conflicts in Schools FACTORS INFLUENCING CONFLICTS IN SCHOOLS.AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA. BY: BONIPHACE, M. FASILI. INTRODUCTION: Organizational psychologists start with the view that there is ,or can be, a genuine conflict between a human being and his or her job of work, between the satisfaction of the needs of the individual worker, and the needs of the employing organization. However, some common ground between them is that: people have needs and, consequently, motives for doing things. These needs and motives, therefore, do affect peoples behavior, and their behavior c an be explained,(Chris, A.). There can be conflict between the goals of the organizations and the goals of people working for those organizations. The way to avoid such conflicts in practice is not by offering bribes and sweeteners to the workers, nor is it by offering them massive welfare programs, but is by changing the very structure and goals of the organization to accommodate peoples personal goals,(Chris, A., in Kooontz ,H. and C. ODonnel,1976). While other thinkers suggest that, the best type of organization is one which succeeds best in achieving the accommodation of peoplesÂÂ   personal goals by promoting worker participation in decision making, enabling workers to fulfill themselves and use a wide variety of talents, management by objectives rather than by authority, and finally, good communication and expressive supervision. Schools as organizations are said to be influenced by a combination of factors and have their own organizational culture of change and development,(Mbiti, D.M.,1974).In most cases, school development implies the management of planned change. These changes may at times be consistent or not consistent with the organizational culture.Unplanned changes are no more than accidents. An attempt to redesign a school organizational culture in the way that will adapt to the changes within and in the external environment or to effectively achieve the goals sometimes result into conflicts, Mosha, H.(1994).This may be caused by shifts inÂÂ   the interest and perceptions of the organization members, fear of change ,self interest, perception of the organization goals strategies by teachers or long for good old days. The school management has to overcome these factors if it is to accomplish the planned change. BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM Schools have traditionally been expected to teach children academic skills. The school has the responsibility to develop in each child a favourable attitude towards learning.Schools are also places where students interact with one another, their teachers and educational administrators. Many educators believe that student behaviour affects academic achievement (Boothe,Bradley,Flick,Keough, and Kirk,1993). Traditional disciplinaryÂÂ   practices include various forms of punishment based on the assumption that if negative behaviours are eliminated, the classroom climate will be conducive for learning,(Canter Canter, 1992). Critics of traditional disciplinary practices believe that the emphasis on punishment thwarts development of student responsibility, leadership, independence and interdependence(Dreyfuss,1990, in Mahduri Pendharkar,1995). Tanzania like any other developing countries is at the forefront to make socio economic transformations to achieve some laid down principles in the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Some major transformations have been directed towards improving the management and performance of educational institutions including more enrolment in both primary and secondary schools, and prioritizing girls education,(TDREG 1989).The period between 2000 t0 2005 have showed an increased school enrolment. This has also impacted on recruitment of more teachers and increased government expenditure in education,(BEST 2005). While improvedÂÂ   performance in education is expected, training for management is frequently neglected. The impact has reflected on frequently and repeated conflicts in schools manifesting in boycott, riot, drop outs, as well as breakdown of managerial capacities and accountability in some schools. Whereas, conflict resolution skills for teachers or students in most schools is not emphasized. In most schools in Tanzania there are discipline masters, Patrons and Matrons whose traditional role is to suppress negative behaviours of students. Some of them were appointed on the basis of certain personal attributes rather than the required skills. Most of them lack conflict management skills. As a result students hate them. This is impacted by lack of conflict resolution skills in schools. The emphasis is on rigid rules and discipline. Lyons and Hathering (1992) pointed out that, organization health is characterized by high levels of trust, low conflict and friction, respect for differences, personal freedom and individual autonomy in patterns of supervision and control. Conflict in schools need to be properly managed in order toÂÂ   create a healthy organizational climate that is so important for effective learning and performance of responsibilities. Mosha, H.J.(1994) stressed that, some conflicts in higher learning institutions occur due to lack of proper diagnosis leading to crisis. Conflicts in schools are either not understood or not managed properly. Burton (1969) suggested for conflict management which include deterrence strategies aimed at avoiding escalation of conflict while maintaining control without giving way. Burton further suggested that if conflict builds towards crisis successful management should be able to turn the conflicting forces towards a constructive rather than a destructive direction. However, teachers training programs in Tanzania have not provided for greater flexibility for teachers to manage conflicts other than becoming disciplinarians. Mismanagement of conflicts in schools has resulted into increased government intervention leading to closure of schools and increased expenditure. Meanwhile, effective teaching and learning programs are always impaired leading to further crisis in schools and the government in general. The situation also creates burn out to some teachers to change their career. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The purpose of this study is to investigate on the factors influencing conflicts in schools in Tanzania. Several conflicts have been reported to have devastating impacts. There are frequently and repeated conflicts in most schools in Tanzania. The scientific explanation about the nature of these conflicts is not well established neither documented. It has also been reported that those conflicts involve school administrators and teachers, teachers and students, students and the school administration, as well as students themselves. At some levels conflicts escalate to involveÂÂ   the external school environment. The impacts of these conflicts have resulted into loss of lives of some students, demolished school buildings, riots, boycott and increased hostilities in the workplace, lack of conducive teaching learning environment, dismissal and suspension of students, administrators and teachers. This study therefore, is an attempt to investigate on the nature of conflicts in schools, and possibly come up with the real explanation as to why they frequently occur, as well to establish approaches that can be applied to harmonize the situation. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: (a). ToÂÂ   identify the nature of conflicts in public secondary schools in Tanzania. (b). To establish means to minimize conflicts in schools. (c). To contribute and extend knowledge and skills in conflict management for schools teachers and administrators. (d). To influence the government policy in education, conflict management is an integral part of the contemporary school environment. RESEARCH QUESTIONS/HYPOTHESES: SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This study is intended to be broad spectrum in nature. It is expected to come up with possible explanation of the sources of conflicts in schools as learning and work places in Tanzania. It will also establish possible preventive conflict management approaches that are so essential and could be applied in resolving conflicts which arise in the school environment. Whereas, the study is expected to contribute the generation of new insights, knowledge and skills in management in general, and form a baseline for school administrators, managers, teachers and students to reflect on during situations of problems leading to conflicts. This study is perhaps the pioneer one as far as conflict management in schools is concerned. It is expected to influence the policy of the government. Conflicts in the contemporary school environment are becoming part and parcel of the total education system. Finally, the study will impact on other broader dimensions of the social systems in Tanzania. LITERATURE REVIEW: This section reviews and examines briefly some literature on relevant scholarly work. Mosha, H.J.(1994) describes conflict as an interactive opposing behavior between two or more people, organizations or systems over incompatible goals, interests, scarce resources, values, belief system, power and prestige, nature of relationship as well as performance. He further states that, conflicts behaviours may range from intellectual jostling or malicious gossip all the way to use of physical force to cause destruction of property or physical injury. Mosha,(1994) further suggests that conflicts are integral part of any social system they need to be properly managed in order to create a healthy organizational climate that is so important for effective performance of responsibilities. Whereas, Lyons and Hatherly, (1992) comment on organizational health that is the state in institutions characterized by generally highÂÂ   levels of trust, low conflict and individual autonomy in patterns of supervision and control. Lyons and Hatherly further insist that in health organizations relationships are honest, there is high degree of trust, poor performance is confronted and joint solutions sought. People feel free to signal problems and participate in finding solutions. Murphy and Saal(1990) in Mosha,(1994) stated that conflict management is a process of becoming aware of actual or potential conflict, diagnosing its nature and scope and employing appropriate methodology to diffuse the emotional energy involved and enable disputing parties to understand and resolve their differences. While, Burton(1969) adds on conflict management that include deterrence strategies aimed at avoiding escalation of conflict while maintaining control without giving way. According to Gray and Starke(1990) traditionalists conceived conflict as being intrinsically bad. Under this school of thought members of the organization who caused the conflict were regarded as emotionally disturbed, otherwise they should not have caused the conflict. Thus, to eliminate the conflict and thereby solve the problem it was necessary to fire or get psychiatric help for the responsible employees (Jandt and Gillettee,1985). The modern theorists according to (Gray and Starke,1990) in Mosha,(1994) argue that organizational conflict is neither good nor bad per se, and that it is inevitable. Conflict is inevitable and not necessarily harmful. Indeed, they continue to argue that you can not have an organization, community or society that is free from conflict. However, Mosha, H.J.(1979:169) argues that competence should be the major criterion for participation as educational problems have ramifications that require attention and specialized assistance is useful in mobilizing needed knowledge and judgment. At another scale of looking at leadership styles, Bennis,W.G.,(1989) was of the view that the challenges confronting organizational leaders are daunting even to the most intrepid. Bennis further comments that organizational restructuring has bulldozed away much worker morale and loyalty, along with many levels of management and thousands of jobs. The loosened bonds between workers and organizations have increased worker disaffection and raised turnover. Bennis, W.G.(1989) further commented on achieving styles, cultures, values, rewards and discontinuities that organizations have their special achieving styles, styles that their cultures, consciously or unconsciously inculcate in their members. That is, organizations characteristically reward certain kinds of achieving behavior and punish or ignore other kinds. Organizational culture both comfort and control its members. It comforts them by generating a familiar context for organizational life and offering membership to those who conform. At the same time, organizational culture controls members by constricting the range of behaviours and attitudes that are valued andÂÂ   rewarded. Furthermore, Max Weber(1864-1920) examined the organization and came up with the opinion that the term organization meant the ordering of social relationships, the maintenance of which certain individuals took upon themselves as a special task. Weber, further maintains that the presence of a leader and an administrative staff was a characteristic of an organization, which in fact was them who preserved the organization. Hence, basic to WebersÂÂ   ideas was the notion that human behavior is regulated by rules. The existence of a distinct set of rules was implicit in the concept of organization. On management, Henry Fayol (1916) stated that to manage is to forecast and plan to organize, to command and to co-ordinate and to control. While G.A. Cole(1994) proposed a working definition for strategic management as a process directed by top management to determine the fundamental aims or goals of the organization and ensure a range of decisions which will allow for the achievement of those aims or goals in the long-term whilst providing for adaptive responses in the short term. The above implies that, if the management is not successful in dealing with resistances to change and if it still wishes to change and continues to implement the change program, conflict will eventually arise, Mosha,(1994). Whereas, Ekval, G.(1993) cautioned that where antagonistic groups, divisions and camps exist the work climate is bound to be poor.

Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton :: Cry, The Beloved Country Essays

Social Protest Cry the Beloved Country was a book written to bring about change. Through out the book Alan Paton reveal the social injustices of South Africa. This whole book, although a fictional stories, is to protest of the ways of South Africa. Paton brings up the inequity of the natives’ verses the whites; he makes points about education, superiority, and separation. Paton clearly showed that the white man is superiority to the black, he gives numerous examples throughout the novel. The white man had more money, a better job, a nicer house†¦ With James Jarvis, Paton showed that he was superior by making him live on high place, because he was so much superior than the natives that lived below him. At the end of the book James Jarvis (even though he had changed) could not get off his horse to talk to Steven Kumalo. He could have easily gotten off but "such a thing is not lightly done" (307). Paton includes this part in the novel to show that the white man can be amicable with the natives, but they will always have to come out on top. The whites needed to feel like they were on a higher level than the natives. If this country ever wants to be as one the whites are going to have to give up there need for superiority. Many times in the novel Paton showed there was a problem without even saying it. One of the major examples of that would be when he gave the scene of people asking "Have you a room to let?" and the response would always be "no I have no room to let"(85). Paton dosent outright say that its horrible that there is not even enough housing for the natives and they have to cram together in shared houses with no privicy at all. He just tells us the story and the reader recognize that there is a problem. Paton offten leves it up to the reader to figure out the social injustices of South Africa. When Kumalo was talking about his son Absolam he said "he is in prison for the most terrible deed a man can do, He k illed a white man" (144). Here Paton shows, again, how whites were considered to be superior to blacks. It could have been said the worst thing to do is kill a man, but in South Africa’s society it was not the same if a black man was murdered as compared to a white man.

Criticism Ecocriticism

Ecocritics investigate such things as the underlying ecological values, what, precisely, is meant by the word nature, and whether the examination of â€Å"place† should be a distinctive category, much like class, gender or race. Ecocritics examine human perception of wilderness, and how it has changed throughout history and whether or not current environmental issues are accurately represented or even mentioned in popular culture and modern literature.Other disciplines, such as history, philosophy, ethics, and psychology, are also considered by ecocritics to be possible contributors to ecocriticism. William Rueckert may have been the first person to use the term ecocriticism (Barry 240). In 1978, Rueckert published an essay titled Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism. His intent was to focus on â€Å"the application of ecology and ecological concepts to the study of literature. †(Reprinted in The Ecocritism Reader on p. 107) Ecologically minded individu als and scholars have been publishing progressive works of ecotheory and criticism since the explosion of environmentalism in the late 1960s and 1970s. However, because there was no organized movement to study the ecological/environmental side of literature, these important works were scattered and categorized under a litany of different subject headings: pastoralism, human ecology, regionalism, American Studies etc.British Marxist critic Raymond Williams, for example, wrote a seminal critique of pastoral literature in 1973, The Country and the City, which spawned two decades of leftist suspicion of the ideological evasions of the genre and its habit of making the work of rural labour disappear even though Williams himself observed that the losses lamented in pastoral might be genuine ones, and went on to profess a decidedly green socialism.Another early ecocritical text, Joseph Meeker's The Comedy of Survival (1974), proposed a version of an argument that was later to dominate ecoc riticism and environmental philosophy; that environmental crisis is caused primarily by a cultural tradition in the West of separation of culture from nature, and elevation of the former to moral predominance.Such anthropocentrism is identified in the tragic conception of a hero whose moral struggles are more important than mere biological survival, whereas the science of animal ethology, Meeker asserts, shows that a â€Å"comic mode† of muddling through and â€Å"making love not war† has superior ecological value.In the later, â€Å"second wave† ecocriticism, Meeker's adoption of an ecophilosophical position with apparent scientific sanction as a measure of literary value tended to prevail over Williams's ideological and historical critique of the shifts in a literary genre's representation of nature. As Glotfelty noted in The Ecocriticism Reader,[page needed] â€Å"One indication of the disunity of the early efforts is that these critics rarely cited one anot her’s work; they didn’t know that it existed†¦Each was a single voice howling in the wilderness.† Nevertheless, ecocriticism—unlike feminist and Marxist criticisms—failed to crystallize into a coherent movement in the late 1970s, and indeed only did so in the USA in the 1990s. [citation needed] In the mid-1980s, scholars began to work collectively to establish ecocritism as a genre, primarily through the work of the Western Literature Association in which the revaluation of nature writing as a non-fictional literary genre could function.In 1990, at the University of Nevada, Reno, Glotfelty became the first person to hold an academic position as a professor of Literature and the Environment, and UNR has retained the position it established at that time as the intellectual home of ecocriticism even as ASLE has burgeoned into an organization with thousands of members in the US alone. From the late 1990s, new branches of ASLE and affiliated organiz ations were started in the UK, Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand (ASLEC-ANZ), India (OSLE-India}, Taiwan, Canada and Europe.Definition[edit] In comparison with other ‘political' forms of criticism, there has been relatively little dispute about the moral and philosophical aims of ecocriticism, although its scope has broadened rapidly from nature writing, Romantic poetry, and canonical literature to take in film, television, theatre, animal stories, architectures, scientific narratives and an extraordinary range of literary texts.At the same time, ecocriticism has borrowed methodologies and theoretically informed approaches liberally from other fields of literary, social and scientific study. Glotfelty's working definition in The Ecocriticism Reader is that â€Å"ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment† (xviii), and one of the implicit goals of the approach is to recoup professional dignity for what Glotfelty ca lls the â€Å"undervalued genre of nature writing† (xxxi).Lawrence Buell defines â€Å"‘ecocriticism’ †¦ as [a] study of the relationship between literature and the environment conducted in a spirit of commitment to environmentalist praxis† (430, n. 20). Simon Estok noted in 2001 that â€Å"ecocriticism has distinguished itself, debates notwithstanding, firstly by the ethical stand it takes, its commitment to the natural world as an important thing rather than simply as an object of thematic study, and, secondly, by its commitment to making connections† (â€Å"A Report Card on Ecocriticism† 220).More recently, in an article that extends ecocriticism to Shakespearean studies, Estok argues that ecocriticism is more than â€Å"simply the study of Nature or natural things in literature; rather, it is any theory that is committed to effecting change by analyzing the function–thematic, artistic, social, historical, ideological, theoret ical, or otherwise–of the natural environment, or aspects of it, represented in documents (literary or other) that contribute to material practices in material worlds† (â€Å"Shakespeare and Ecocriticism† 16-17).This echoes the functional approach of the cultural ecology branch of ecocriticism, which analyzes the analogies between ecosystems and imaginative texts and posits that such texts potentially have an ecological (regenerative, revitalizing) function in the cultural system (Zapf, â€Å"Literary Ecology†). As Michael P. Cohen has observed, â€Å"if you want to be an ecocritic, be prepared to explain what you do and be criticized, if not satirized. † Certainly, Cohen adds his voice to such critique, noting that one of the problems of ecocriticism has been what he calls its â€Å"praise-song school† of criticism.All ecocritics share an environmentalist motivation of some sort, but whereas the majority are ‘nature endorsing' (as Kate Soper puts it in â€Å"What is Nature? † (1998)), some are ‘nature sceptical'. In part this entails a shared sense of the ways in which ‘nature' has been used to legitimise gender, sexual and racial norms (so homosexuality has been seen as ‘unnatural', for example), but it also involves scepticism about the uses to which ‘ecological' language is put in ecocriticism; it can also involve a critique of the ways cultural norms of nature and the environment contribute to environmental degradation.Greg Garrard has dubbed ‘pastoral ecology' the notion that nature undisturbed is balanced and harmonious (â€Å"Ecocriticism† 56-58), while Dana Phillips has criticised the literary quality and scientific accuracy of nature writing in â€Å"The Truth of Ecology†. Similarly, there has been a call to recognize the place of the Environmental Justice movement in redefining ecocritical discourse (see Buell, â€Å"Toxic Discourse†).In response to the question of what ecocriticism is or should be, Camilo Gomides has offered an operational definition that is both broad and discriminating: â€Å"The field of enquiry that analyzes and promotes works of art which raise moral questions about human interactions with nature, while also motivating audiences to live within a limit that will be binding over generations† (16).He tests it for a film (mal)adaptation about Amazonian deforestation. Implementing the Gomides definition, Joseph Henry Vogel makes the case that ecocriticism constitutes an â€Å"economic school of thought† as it engages audiences to debate issues of resource allocation that have no technical solution.

Cpa Exam Pre

I have recently moved and need to update my contact details. How can I do this? Can I complete the CPA Program professional level segments in any order? This is my last semester, what if I don't pass? Can I get an extension of time? Study materials 4 5 I have not received my study materials yet. What should I do? I have missing pages in my study guide. How can I replace these? Study support, including study groups 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 How can I register for study groups?When will the study group list be available? I need some additional help with my studies. What options are available? How many hours should I study to pass? Are there assignments? Are there any practice questions? How do I access them? Are there any other additional study materials or textbooks that I need? Can I use the text books or legislation that I have retained from university? I am having trouble accessing learning tasks and/or folders on My Online Learning. What can I do? Exams 15 16 17 18 19 When are exams held? I cannot sit the exam on the date advertised. Can I have an alternative exam date?I haven’t received my exam notification letter. Can you please send me a copy? How do I change my exam location? I have a medical condition which requires me to have special exam arrangements. Is it possible to have a special exam organized? How do I go about having that organized? Exams (continued) 20 21 22 23 24 25 What is the structure/format of the exam? Are the exams all multiple-choice or are there written response questions on the exams? Are the exam questions in module order? What is the ppercentage of questions for each module? Are marks deducted for wrong aanswers? Can I access past exam papers?My studies have been affected by personal hardship/illness. I don't think I will pass if I sit the exam. What can I do? Attending the exam 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 What identification do I need to take to the exam? What study materials can I take into the exam? Can I use an ele ctronic dictionary? What type of calculator is allowed and can you suggest the best one? Can I bring food into the exam room? I’m running late to my exam. What should I do? Where should I place my belongings at the exam venue? Can I highlight or tag my notes during reading time? Shcould I use a pen or a pencil for my aanswers?I have not marked my name or membership number correctly on the answer sheet or exam booklet. Will this be a problem? I marked the aanswers in the exam booklet instead of the answer sheet. Will my aanswers be assessed? Due to my personal circumstances, I don’t think I performed well on the exam. How can I apply for special consideration? Exam results 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 How can I get access to my exam results? How can I get a copy of my Personal Analysis Letter for this semester? How can I get a copy of my Personal Analysis Letter for last semester? How do I get a transcript of results? What is the pass mark per segment?What are the mark s required to achieve a Credit, Distinction and High Distinction? How can I get access to my exam mark? Can my exam paper be re-marked? Can I view my exam paper to see where I went wrong? I have received my results and I have failed. My studies/exam performance were affected by circumstances beyond my control but I didn't know I could apply for special consideration. Can I still apply? Important Contacts 2533600v1 @ 23-Jul-13 CPA Australia – Study and exam information Page 2 of 10 Enrolment 1. I have recently moved and need to update my contact details. How can I do this? You are able to change your details online at paaustralia. com. au/memberprofile at any time. Your study materials will be sent to the address you provided at the time of enrolment, or you may change your address up to the early bird enrolment closing date. Changes made before the early bird enrolment closing date in each semester will be processed in time for your materials to be delivered to the new addres s. If you change your address after this date, please arrange to collect or forward your study materials from the original address. A re-issue fee will be charged if you require a second set of materials to be sent to the new address. 2.Can I complete the CPA Program professional level segments in any order? You can enrol in any segment except for Global Strategy and Leadership as your first enrolment. It is recommended that you enrol first in Ethics and Governance as this segment provides a sound introduction to your studies. Global Strategy and Leadership is the capstone segment and brings together the knowledge candidates have gained from their studies of the other compulsory segments. To enrol in Global Strategy and Leadership, candidates must have successfully completed all other compulsory segments of the CPA Program professional level. . This is my last semester, what if I don't pass? Can I get an extension of time? If you are unable to complete your CPA Program professional level segments or advance to CPA status within the relevant timeframe, extensions may be available. Please contact your local CPA Australia office to discuss your options. Study materials 4. I have not received my study materials yet. What should I do? If you have not received your study materials by semester commencement you should contact [email  protected] edu. au. Candidates enrolled in the Singapore Taxation segment should contact the Singapore divisional office.A limited number of modules from the study guide are available via My Online Learning for some segments. This is to assist candidates who have not received their materials by the start of the semester. Due to copyright restrictions, only some modules are available online with the third party copyright content removed. 5. I have missing pages in my study guide. How can I replace these? When you receive your study materials, you should check that you have received all items required for the segment. A checklist is appen ded to the letter enclosed with your materials.If you did not receive all items listed on the checklist, complete the form provided beneath the checklist and fax it to +61 3 5227 3221 or email [email  protected] edu. au. Alternatively you can phone the Business Services Group at Deakin University on +61 3 5227 3200 or 1800 032 294 (within Australia). Candidates enrolled in the Singapore Taxation segment should contact the Singapore divisional office for all enquiries about missing or damaged study materials. 2533600v1 @ 23-Jul-13 CPA Australia – Study and exam information Page 3 of 10 Study support, including study groups 6. How can I register for study groups?You can register for study groups through My Online Learning. To register, simply click on ‘My Study Groups’ on the top menu bar, select the relevant segment using the dropdown box next to ‘Course’ and follow the prompts. Registering for a study group provides you with access to a secure onli ne list of email contact details for other candidates who are studying the same segment and who have also registered for a study group. You can use these contact details to form your own study group and share your learning and thoughts with your peers. 7. When will the study group list be available?You will be able to register for study groups via My Online Learning from the start of the semester. 8. I need some additional help with my studies. What options are available? To help you complete the CPA Program, CPA Australia has developed a wide range of support. This may be provided as part of your enrolment and membership fees, or some may be purchased through third-party providers. The level of support available may differ depending on which segment you are undertaking and your geographic location. The support available includes: ? tuition through Registered Tuition Providers ? upplementary revision materials such as Revision Kits and Passcards ? workshops and webinars ? My Online Learning. Access cpaaustralia. com. au/learningsupport for more information. 9. How many hours should I study to pass? The minimum recommended study time is between 10 and 15 hours per week per segment. 10. Are there assignments? There are no assignments for CPA Program professional level segments. Assessment for each CPA Program professional level segment is an exam of three hours duration at the end of the semester. 11. Are there any practice questions? How do I access them?

Muzak Business Case

Muzak Business Case Free Online Research Papers Muzak was a multi-million dollar company and over the years had created the largest digital music library in the world. Despite their past success, they were not conveying the modern image they wanted to the public. This led the new senior management team at Muzak to implement change. Problem Definition Muzak is a company that has been around for decades and is mostly known for their â€Å"elevator music†. In the late 90’s, Muzak’s reputation for â€Å"elevator music† began to lead the company down a path of little growth and increasing financial hardships. The company’s negative public image reflected the same image Muzak’s employees had of their company culture. With over 200 offices, 3,000 employees, and 450 different versions of their business cards, they did not have a uniform company image to sell to their clients. Company Objectives Muzak’s strategy was to move away from the â€Å"elevator music† label and work towards conveying a hipper, more modern image. They wanted to get away from depicting music as a science and instead depict it as an art. In order to re-invent their company, Muzak had to develop a unifying symbol. They chose to use a silver and black â€Å"M† in a circle. Their new logo replaced all the separate identities that once represented Muzak. It was a great first step in how they wanted to be perceived by new clients. Muzak wanted to convey the message that they were a company of creative â€Å"audio architects†. To do this, they created an aggressive marketing campaign, which included new brochures with more color, graphics, and brief text. This was a complete change to the serious charts, graphs and presentations they had used for years. They designed their new brochures to be art. This was a huge selling point for the company, which began to generate new business almost instantly. Data Analysis These new changes helped Muzak’s business to grow 16% and in three years they were worth $750 million, up from $100 million in 1997 (Argenti, 2007, p.85). Muzak was rapidly growing financially, artistically, and everyone had more confidence in the future with this business. This lead Muzak to re-locate their business from Seattle, Washington to Charlotte, South Carolina; building a new headquarters that was less traditional and geared more towards their new image of young, modern, and creative. Their new headquarters, described as an Italian piazza with conference rooms, desks on wheels, and no private offices, had a fresh and original atmosphere they are proud to bring their clients to. Alternative Strategies Muzak did an exceptional job in changing their company image. They went forth with their objectives to become a new company with a central logo and a place that clients can trust. It is difficult to determine where they could have done better or what they could have done differently because they have had such a positive outcome. However, there a few things that could have been considered before this change took place while still obtaining their desired outcome. Due to Muzak’s longevity and their weak public image, could they have changed their image sooner than they did? Instead of putting it off until they were no longer a growing company and their debt was growing financially, why did they wait so long being as stagnant as they were? Another alternative could have been to implement change using internal resources instead of using Pentagram. Using Pentagram cost more than it would have if they had pulled together a creative team within Muzak. Also, it seems that re-locating their headquarters from Seattle, WA to Charlotte, SC was a huge change that was not necessary. Such a move most likely cost a lot of money and a lot of employees their jobs, as well as some loss in business with their older, traditional clients. Case Questions 1. How much change did Muzak need to communicate through its identity system to change perceptions of the company? Muzak needed to change their brand perception by creating a new logo and streamlining new brochures to gain new clients. 2. What other corporate communication â€Å"levers† did Muzak have at its disposal to signal change? Corporate communication â€Å"levers† that Muzak had that signified its need for change included a bad corporate culture, loss of money, increased debt, little growth and a negative public perception of the company. 3. How did changing its identity help/hurt Muzak’s overall strategy? Short-term? Long-term? In the long-term, changing Muzak’s identity helped the company establish a good rapport with new clients. They were happier with their image and gained new public interest, trust, and loyalty. What may have hurt Muzak in the short-term was the re-location of its headquarters. Employees who were accustomed to the old system at Muzak could have a hard time transitioning. Previous clients, such as the traditional â€Å"mom and pop† shops were left behind. These older clients may choose to do business elsewhere feeling threatened by a younger generation. Also, the cost do re-invent Muzak may have hurt in the short-term, but given their financial growth, it did not hurt for a long period of time. 4. How important is it, and should the parent company educate franchisees about the new identity? It is very important for the parent company to educate the new identity of Muzak to the franchisees. 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New Product Development - Essay Example example with technological development new types of DVD players are in idea generation process which will play high capacity Forward Versatile Disc or FVD of around 6 gigabyte capacity (Grewal, 2008, p. 308). Sometimes too many ideas are generated which needs to be evaluated and then screened which are not very promising one for the company. The Idea screening process of the foremost U.S motorcycle manufacturer, Harley-Davidson is known as â€Å"The Wall of Fire† who screens different ideas to choose the best out of the development opportunities called â€Å"The Swirl† (Karol, Nelson, 2007, p. 118). The ideas which are screened in the idea screening process are forwarded for the concept development and testing of the screened idea. Ideas can be very beneficial for the company in many cases for which proper testing of the concept is required for its feasibility study. In automobile industry Tata Motors conducted a market research in order to find the gap in the market fo r its fall in the market share of truck during the year 1998 to 2000. It showed that consumers want a to have a car like vehicle but it can perform like a truck which can carry heavy weights for different purposes (Kumar, 2007, p.29). After concept testing the marketing strategies like the description of the target market, distribution channels, pricing policy, advertising, marketing mix strategies and profit in long run are evaluated and managed. For example Unisys identified the need of the customers.